Different Theories Of Communication, Leadership, And...

Introduction Toastmasters is a group that seeks to promote communication skills and strategies among those who are interested in developing them, and to build leaders. For this purpose, Toastmasters helps people improve their abilities to communicate by presenting various types of public speeches. It is useful for all type of professionals to gain self-confidence and personal growth. This paper discusses the three distinct but interrelated theories of communication, leadership, and interpersonal relations within the context of a Toastmasters meeting recently held at a Calabasas hospital. On the evening of this meeting as usual, the agenda was made available to all in attendance. The Toastmaster was introduced, who explained the theme of the meeting and all the components of the group agenda. In all, there were 24 members, not including the two guests and myself. There were three major sections to the meeting: the ice-breaker, the speeches, and the evaluation of the speeches. Following the ice-breaker, three speakers followed who conversed on different topics, none of which actually dealt with the theories to be discussed, however, the interaction of the group illuminated the theories to be discussed here. After the three speeches, the members would take notes about each one separately. Time reports were performed and then members voted on which of the three was the most effective speech performance. The third part of this event was the evaluation of each speaker

Coexistence of Contrary States in Blake’s The Tyger Essay

Coexistence of Contrary States in Blake’s The Tyger Since the two hundred years that William Blake has composed his seminal poem The Tyger, critics and readers alike have attempted to interpret its burning question - Did he who made the Lamb make thee? Perhaps best embodying the spirit of Blake’s Songs of Experience, the tiger is the poetic counterpart to the Lamb of Innocence from Blake’s previous work, Songs of Innocence. Manifest in The Tyger is the key to understanding its identity and man’s conception of God, while ultimately serving to confront the reader with a powerful source of sublimity which reveals insight on Blake’s ideal union and coexistence of the two contrary states. The most significant underlying ideology†¦show more content†¦There could be no better symbol to portray experience than a vicious beast - raging, inhuman, savage, and unrestrained. Another relationship between The Lamb and The Tyger comes from the different syntax of the poems. In The Lamb, the final stanza of the poem is mainly resolved with intransitive verbs, indicating a conjunction of subject and object - creator and created. The simplicity of the response to the question of who made thee? is Little Lamb, I’ll tell thee. A syntactical and philosophical immobility is achieved. In The Tyger, however, Blake never overcomes the dialectic of the transitive, the action of subject upon object. Indeed, in the original engraved plate of The Lamb not one question mark appears after any of the many interrogations, while The Tyger ends in a question mark (Miner 62). Just as the New Testament God shared qualities of the Lamb in the form of Jesus Christ, the Old Testament God was a sublime force that bloodily and violently laid his wrath upon his perverted creations. In this embodiment of forms it is clear that the maker of the Lamb is quite capable of the sublime terror and punishing energy of the tiger. If such diversity of spirit is within the scope of the maker’s capabilities, the application of His various moods may be mirrored in His creations. Indeed, the central question of the poem should not be Did he who made the Lamb make

Argummentative Essay free essay sample

You are to write an argumentative essay in response to one of the following topics: High school students arent ready to enter college. Age matters in relationships. All citizens should speak a second language. Your essay should have the following format: Paragraph I. Introduction: Give necessary background information and includes a clearly defined thesis statement. II. Supporting Evidence: Provide specific factual and/or anecdotal evidence to support your thesis. III. Refuting Contrary Positions: Show why counterarguments are incorrect. IV. Conclusion: Summarize main ideas and reaffirm your thesis. Expectations: Please use Times New Roman 12 point font, 1 inch margins, and 1. 5 line spacing. You may not exceed two pages. Deadline: This essay is due on Sunday, May 19th at 11:59 p. m. Please e-mail it rather than printing a hard copy. Evaluation: You will be evaluated according to the attached rubric. Mark| Criteria| 4. 5-5| The student performs the task very well, covering all the main points using a wide range of structures and vocabulary. We will write a custom essay sample on Argummentative Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are no errors and the language is very well-controlled. Ideas are organized clearly and the student uses linking words with ease and proper punctuation. The register and form are also correct. The student greatly exceeds the level expected for the task. | 4-4. 5| The student performs the task well covering most, if not all, the important points using a good choice of structures and vocabulary. The language is controlled with few mistakes and the whole text is clearly comprehensible. Ideas are well-organised and the student uses linking words and generally punctuates. The register and form are also correct. The student is above the level expected for the task. | 3. 5-4| The student covers many of the important points using relevant tructures and vocabulary with few mistakes. There may be occasional incomprehensibility but this does not affect the overall understanding of the text. Ideas are mostly organized correctly and there is some use of linking words and punctuation. The register and form are mostly correct. The student is at the level expected for the task. | 3-3. 5| The student attempts the task. Some points are made but they m ay not all be relevant, clear or comprehensible. Structure and vocabulary contain errors that can affect meaning and there may be cases of incomprehensibility. Ideas may not be organized correctly and there may be little evidence of linking words and punctuation. Register and form are mostly correct. The student is below the level expected for the task. | Below 3| The student largely fails to perform the task. The student is not consistently relevant, clear or comprehensible. There are major errors of structure and vocabulary which affect meaning. Ideas are not well-organized and there is little or no evidence of linking words. Register and form may be incorrect. The student is well below the level expected for the task. |

The King, Charles The First, Actions Were Legitimate, Under The Ideolo Essay Example For Students

The King, Charles The First, Actions Were Legitimate, Under The Ideolo Essay gy he ruled with, absolutism. Though never stating it Charles the First, justified by his wife, was an absolutist. So from his perspective his practices are not at fault, and that is the bias this editorial will be written from, the viewpoint of someone who believes the king should be an absolute Monarch. What Oliver Cromwell, a majority of Parliament, and the Parliamentary forces did was a direct violation of the Kings power. To take a quote from Louis the XIV, L?tat, cest moi, a phrase meaning I am the state, is a phrase that could be used to describe the absolutist rule that Charles the First was supposed to have. But actions taken by adversaries of the King and Country, including Civil War, attack on English troops, trespassing, treason, arresting the King, having soldiers march on parliament, and murder of King were treasonous actions against the King and consequently against the Country of England. Because as mentioned earlier in reference to the King, L?tat, cest moi. So any crimes against the King are against the state. Making all who were involved in the fight against the king in the civil war are basically defeating the idea that it was a civil war since by definition they were fighting against there own country, and being extremely treasonous at the same time. To sum up my previous statements the King is the Country so any crimes against the King are against the Country So the English Civil war was in fact not a civil war but a separatist movement against the Country of England. With aims to establish a military rule and discriminate against those of the Catholic faith. Cromwells followers were upset over many things and tried to change them, violating the kings power. Cromwell was upset over remnants of the Catholicism in Anglicans churches and he wanted those things removed. But he had no right to do that since the King is head of the Anglican Church a right established by Henry the VIII and thus Cromwell could not set church policy. They tried to apply laws to the King such has treason. Which they can not do since according to absolutism the king is above the law and can not be controlled by any person, organization, governmental body for such a thing could be a threat to the sovereignty of England itself. This makes sense in the following example . If the king were to be ever controlled by a group with sinister intentions then they could control the polices and laws that the King sets, giving them untold power over the destiny of England, that has you can see is why the king must rule above all others. Which leads me to my next statement. If the king is above the law he should have control over all those under the law which is why the king should be able to command parliament, another major gripe of Cromwells. People were upset when the king takes land away from the people, well he had every right to has the absolute ruler of England, in addition these people should have been proud to be serving there country by giving up the land for the betterment of England. We will write a custom essay on The King, Charles The First, Actions Were Legitimate, Under The Ideolo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By now you may be asking what gives the king the claim to all this privilege. Divine Right does. What mortal man would ever question Gods very own choosing, Oliver Cromwell did, making him a heretic too. In conclusion the English Civil war was nothing but an uprising lead by traitorous heretics out to question the Kings Divine Right over England and satisfy there own cravings for power.

Titillating Types of Sound Effects in Language

Titillating Types of Sound Effects in Language Its a basic principle of modern language studies that individual sounds (or phonemes) dont possess meanings. Linguistics professor Edward Finegan offers a simple illustration of the point: The three sounds of top dont individually have meaning; they form a meaningful unit only when combined as in top. And its precisely because the individual sounds in top dont carry independent meaning that they can be formed into other combinations with other meanings, such as pot, opt, topped, and popped.(Language: Its Structure and Use, 5th ed. Thomson/Wadsworth, 2008) Yet this principle has an escape clause of sorts, one that goes by the name of sound symbolism (or phonaesthetics). While individual sounds may not possess intrinsic meanings, certain sounds do seem to suggest certain meanings. In his Little Book of Language (2010), David Crystal demonstrates the phenomenon of sound symbolism: Its interesting how some names sound good and some sound bad. Names with soft consonants such as [m], [n], and [l] tend to sound nicer than names with hard consonants such as [k] and [g]. Imagine were approaching a planet, where two alien races live. One of the races is called the Lamonians. The other is called the Grataks. Which sounds like the friendlier race? Most people opt for the Lamonians, because the name sounds friendlier. Grataks sound nasty. In fact, sound symbolism (also called phonosemantics) is one of the ways in which new words are fashioned and added to the language. (Consider frak, the all-purpose swear word coined by the writers of the Battlestar Galactica TV series.) Of course, poets, rhetoricians, and marketers have long been aware of the effects created by particular sounds, and in our glossary youll find numerous overlapping terms that refer to specific arrangements of phonemes. Some of these terms you learned in school; others are probably less familiar. Give a listen to these linguistic sound effects (an example, by the way, of both alliteration and assonance). For more detailed explanations, follow the links. Alliteration The repetition of an initial consonant sound, as in the old slogan of Country Life butter: Youll never put a better bit of butter on your knife. Assonance The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in neighboring words, as in the repetition of the short i sound in this couplet from the late rapper Big Pun: Dead in the middle of little Italy little did we knowThat we riddled a middle man who didnt do diddly.Twinz (Deep Cover 98), Capital Punishment, 1998 Homoioteleuton Similar sound endings to words, phrases, or sentencessuch as the repeated -nz sound in the advertising slogan Beans Means Heinz. Consonance Broadly, the repetition of consonant sounds; more specifically, the repetition of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words. Homophones Homophones are two (or more) wordssuch as knew and newthat are pronounced the same but differ in meaning, origin, and often spelling. (Because peas and peace differ in the voicing of the final consonant, the two words are considered near homophones as opposed to true homophones.) Oronym A sequence of words (for example, the stuff he knows) that sounds the same as a different sequence of words (the stuffy nose). Reduplicative A word or lexeme (such as mama, pooh-pooh, or chit-chat) that contains two identical or very similar parts. Onomatopoeia The use of words (such as hiss, murmuror the Snap, Crackle, and Pop! of Kelloggs Rice Krispies) that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. Echo Word A word or phrase (such as buzz and cock a doodle doo) that imitates the sound associated with the object or action it refers to: an onomatope. Interjection A short utterance (such as ah, doh, or yo) that usually expresses emotion and is capable of standing alone. In writing, an interjection (like Fred Flintstones Yabba dabba do!) is often followed by an exclamation point. To learn more about phonosemantics in the context of a wide variety of modern languages, have a look at the cross-disciplinary essays collected in Sound Symbolism, edited by Leanne Hinton, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala (Cambridge University Press, 2006). The editors introduction, Sound-Symbolic Processes, offers a lucid overview of the different types of sound symbolism and describes some universal tendencies. Meaning and sound can never be fully separated, they conclude, and linguistic theory must accommodate itself to that increasingly obvious fact.

History of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I (Otto the Great)

History of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I (Otto the Great) Otto the Great (Nov. 23, 912- May 7, 973), also known as  Duke Otto II of Saxony, was known for consolidating the German  Reich  and making significant advances for secular influence in papal politics. His reign is generally considered to be the true beginning of the Holy Roman Empire. He was elected king Aug. 7, 936 and crowned emperor Feb. 2, 962. Early Life Otto was the son of Henry the Fowler and his second wife, Matilda. Scholars know little of his childhood, but it is believed he engaged in some of Henrys campaigns by the time he reached his late teens. In 930 Otto wed Edith, the daughter of Edward the Elder of England. Edith bore him a son and a daughter. Henry named Otto  his successor, and a month after Henrys death, in August of 936, the German dukes elected Otto king. Otto was crowned by the archbishops of Mainz and Cologne at Aachen, the city that had been Charlemagnes favorite residence. He was twenty-three years old. Otto the King The young king was bent on asserting the kind of firm control over the dukes that his father had never managed, but this policy led to immediate conflict. Eberhard of Franconia, Eberhard of Bavaria, and a faction of disgruntled Saxons under the leadership of Thankmar, Ottos half-brother, began an offensive in 937 that Otto swiftly crushed. Thankmar was killed, Eberhard of Bavaria was deposed, and Eberhard of Franconia submitted to the king.   The latter Eberhards submission appeared to be only a facade, for in 939 he joined with Giselbert of Lotharingia and Ottos younger brother, Henry, in a revolt against Otto that was supported by Louis IV of France. This time Eberhard was killed in battle and Giselbert drowned while fleeing. Henry submitted to the king, and Otto forgave him. Yet Henry, who felt he should be king himself in spite of his fathers wishes, conspired to murder Otto in 941. The plot was discovered and all the conspirators were punished except Henry, who was again forgiven. Ottos policy of mercy worked; from then on, Henry was loyal to his brother, and in 947 he received the dukedom of Bavaria. The rest of the German dukedoms also went to Ottos relatives. While all this internal strife was going on, Otto still managed to strengthen his defenses and expand the boundaries of his kingdom. The Slavs were defeated in the east, and part of Denmark came under Ottos control; the German suzerainty over these areas was solidified by the founding of bishoprics. Otto had some trouble with Bohemia, but Prince Boleslav I was forced to submit in 950 and paid tribute. With a strong home base, Otto not only fended off Frances claims to Lotharingia but ended up mediating in some French internal difficulties.   Ottos concerns in Burgundy led to a change in his domestic status. Edith had died in 946, and when the Burgundian princess Adelaide, the widowed queen of Italy, was taken prisoner by Berengar of Ivrea in 951, she turned to Otto for aid. He marched into Italy, took up the title King of the Lombards, and married Adelaide himself.   Meanwhile, back in Germany, Ottos son by Edith, Liudolf, joined together with several German magnates to revolt against the king. The younger man saw some success, and Otto had to withdraw to Saxony; but in 954 the invasion of the Magyars set off problems for the rebels, who could now be accused of conspiring with enemies of Germany. Still, fighting continued until Liudolf at last submitted to his father in 955. Now Otto was able to deal the Magyars a crushing blow at the Battle of the Lechfeld, and they never invaded Germany again. Otto continued to see success in military matters, particularly against the Slavs. Otto the Emperor In May of 961, Otto was able to arrange for his six-year-old son, Otto (the first son born to Adelaide), to be elected and crowned King of Germany. He then returned to Italy to help Pope John XII stand against Berengar of Ivrea. On February 2, 962, John crowned Otto emperor, and 11 days later the treaty known as Privilegium Ottonianum was concluded. The treaty regulated relations between pope and emperor, although whether or not the rule allowing emperors to ratify papal elections was part of the original version remains a matter for debate. It may have been added in December, 963, when Otto deposed John for instigating an armed conspiracy with Berengar, as well as for what amounted to conduct unbecoming a pope.   Otto installed Leo VIII as the next pope, and when Leo died in 965, he replaced him with John XIII. John was not well-received by the populace, who had another candidate in mind, and a revolt ensued; so Otto returned to Italy once more. This time he stayed several years, dealing with the unrest in Rome and heading south into Byzantine-controlled portions of the peninsula. In 967, on Christmas Day, he had his son crowned co-emperor with him. His negotiations with the Byzantines led to a marriage between young Otto and Theophano, a Byzantine princess, in April of 972. Not long afterwards Otto returned to Germany, where he held a great assembly at the court in Quedlinburg. He died in May of 973 and was buried next to Edith in Magdeburg. Resources and Further Reading Arnold, Benjamin.  Medieval Germany, 500-1300: a Political Interpretation. University of Toronto Press, 1997.â€Å"Otto I, the Great.†Ã‚  CATHOLIC LIBRARY: Sublimus Dei (1537), www.newadvent.org/cathen/11354a.htm.REUTER, TIMOTHY.  Germany in the Early Middle Ages c. 800-1056. TAYLOR FRANCIS, 2016.

How the standards for ascertaining the truth differ between the new Essay

How the standards for ascertaining the truth differ between the new scientific views of the world and traditional medieval views - Essay Example How the standards for ascertaining the â€Å"truth† differ between the new scientific views of the world and traditional medieval views? Scientists often came up with different facts, conclusions and theories but when this happens, the process of science helps in resolving these differences. Science is therefore viewed as valuable as the scientific methods and the scientific community can resolve any differences and come to a generally accepted conclusion because the overarching commitment of science is to â€Å"the truth† about the natural world. The medieval view of the world is based on old traditions and religious doctrines. Traditions defined people and their culture while religious doctrines defined the way people lived in the society. Christians sought to integrate traditions with religion and the result was one God, one church and one truth. These doctrines and traditions explained the world (Barret 12-13). All scientists are involved in the same enterprise of trying to explain how the world works. They believe in the scientific process of observation, experimentation and the development and evaluation of explanatory theories. The new scientific view seeks the absolute truth through scientific processes of observation and experimentation. It believes in the existence of fixed and unalterable facts and these can only be reached after detailed scientific investigation. The medieval standards adapted the truth to match their predetermined views. To them truth was based on tradition and religious views that defined what was true.

About myself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

About myself - Essay Example I have an inner steering ambition and drive towards professional excellence in this career as I always envied being at the focal point to dictate a trend. I meet my marketing targets within stipulated timelines. Others see me as a quiet individual since I never get involved in verbal exchanges with them. I like analyzing circumstances and scenarios before commenting or giving inputs about them. I am a social individual with an inner unique ability of trusting others. My inputs towards assisting colleagues immediately after completing my tasks help them in rating me as a good partner. I entrust the members I work with, with all the tasks involved within the professional line. I enjoy working and coordinating groups since teamwork adds unto my knowledge and professional understanding. Sharing of ideologies within the groups enhances and increases my socialization abilities with others. An instant case proving my special abilities in socializing with colleagues is when I acted as a mediator in a conflict resolution process among colleagues. To overcome my weakness as a quiet person, I tend to engage my colleagues in innovation competitions that help to positively shift their view about me. The competition involves consultations hence the process increases my engagement with the colleagues thereby changing their perception about me. It is every individual’s dream to be successful in what he or she does. My role in the teams is coordinating and organizing marketing platforms to attract more clients. My deeper sense in research and creativity makes me critical personnel in this profession. In addition, the socialization ability helps coordinate and organize groups as a group leader to work jointly as a team for a common goal. However, my weakness is over expectations and pressure that I pile on the various group members

An Indian Muslim Wife Essay Example for Free

An Indian Muslim Wife Essay Religion plays an important part in family and society in most of the Muslim societies. Muslims and Christians are spread throughout the world and the puritanical Christian and Muslim wife based in the concepts of scriptures of both religions may be a part of the books only [Rashid, 2007]. Cultural influences, economic conditions and varying influence of religion in the society means that a Muslim wife of one society is not subject to the same kind cultural practices throughout the world. An Afghan or a Saudi Arabian woman is more likely to follow the local religious practices of modesty and veils, while most Muslim women in India only have to observe a modest dress code. The very traditional families or families of religious scholars may still observe the hijab, a dress similar to that worn by Catholic nuns [Women, Islam Hijab, 2007]. For the information given here, I contacted a few of Indian women in my locality and they happened to be of Muslim religion and agreed to share their knowledge and experiences with me [Indian Muslim Wife, 2007]. The first thing one hears in these conversations is that ‘there is no such thing as a typical Indian Muslim or Hindu Wife’. The society in many of the developing countries has vast difference between the rich and the poor, and there is also a fast developing middle class. The very rich have become largely anglicized and the English medium public education under the Cambridge/Oxford based schooling system has given them the perception of family life very similar to that of a European or American family. A few characteristics common to all Indian Muslim families are importance of family life, providing protective environment for the children, fidelity in marriage and finding spouse of Muslim faith. The Muslim wife of a rich Indian family is well provided for. She is normally well educated and even if she is not involved in her own career or business, she has to accompany her husband to social parties; she does not drink even if the Muslim husband has given up practicing the prohibition imposed by religion. A Muslim Indian wife is expected to be faithful to her husband. The pressure of the society is such that even if men were to astray, the wife risks the risk of being ostracized if she indulges in any such activities. Indian Muslim families normally have to live in an extended family. Looking after the parents is responsibility of the male children of the family. It is almost given that she any Muslim woman will have her in-laws living in the same house. Depending on their nature, it may be blessing to share a house with in-laws as a number of women can go out more freely to pursue their career or to attend the social functions while the elder members of the family can look after the children. Most rich Indian Muslim women can hire servants and only have to supervise the household responsibilities. The middle class Muslim Indian wife has many more problems. The man is the breadwinner and the woman looks after the house, brings up the children, looks after the in-laws if they are old and infirm and makes ends meet in relatively moderate income. The Indian middle class society is rather conservative and the religious restriction placed on Muslim middle class women due to conservatism restricts the freedom of movement, ability to work, choice of professions for women in the middle class Muslim families is also limited. The traditional families prefer to keep the women at home or if they have to work professions such as teaching, medicine and assisting family members in their business are preferred. The poor Indian Muslim wife probably suffers the most. They are married off at an early age by marriages arranged by their parents. Low income of the family means that Indian Muslim wife from a poor family has to work hard often in poor paid jobs as domestic servant or on farms. The full day work, however does not reduce her responsibilities at home as she has to do all the household work, cooking cleaning, looking after the husband and children and in laws too. The poverty-stricken family has to stay in huts or semi constructed houses in shantytowns and suffers all the problems of poverty. The Muslim Indian women are brought up in traditional ways and given Islamic as well as normal education. Divorce rates among Muslims are very low. This may also be a result of the problems in the society. Divorce carries some stigma, the women are allowed to re-marry and the young divorcees normally do. The pressures on families are economic, social and emotional. Break-up of family deprives the woman of financial support, women if they do not re-marry are not free to socialize or date as openly as in Europe/America.

King Leopold and the Belgian Congo Essay -- African History Essays

King Leopold and the Belgian Congo It is widely debated why exactly King Leopold decided to conquer the Congo, but the general consensus seems to be that it was out of the belief that â€Å"the highlands of the Congo may be as rich in gold as the mountains of the western slope of the American Continent† (Stead). In the mid-1870s, the King hired Henry Stanley, who was familiar with many parts of Africa, to help him go about conquering. During the following years Stanley stayed in Africa, talking various tribes into signing over their lands and rights. After this was completed the King officially took over the Congo, renaming it the Congo Free State. This was especially ironic because all natives of the country were either forced to give up their way of life in exchange for virtual slavery in the ivory trade, agriculture, or the rubber traffic, or die trying to escape fate. Leopold was undeterred by the amount of suffering and death in the Congo, brought on by his rule. Belgian soldiers and officials were known f or their cruelty in their methods to make, and then keep, Congo natives wo...

Million Dollar Baby

The theme of this story is achieving the American Dream of riches and fame, it’s also about the need for love and support. Frankie is a brilliant but unsuccessful boxing trainer who train a lot of excellent boxers but lack of success. Maggie is a natural boxer who tirelessly trains each day in Frankie’s gym even though he has rejected her requests that he trains her. She is at the age of 32 believes she has one last chance to make a life for herself in boxing. They are the loneness people that try to find meaning in their life. Both of them want success! Frankie is estranged from his daughter, who returns his many letters that all are unopened. Beneath his crusty exterior is a man crying for the love and acceptance of his daughter, so he goes to church every single day. There is an aching void in his heart. Maggie is a waitress from a white trash family. Her mother only cares about her welfare. Nobody cares about her in the family. She also lack of family love but she treats her family very well because of her strong will. Maggie dedication and hard work influence Frankie’s mind and he agrees to train her, but only in the basic and then he will turn her over to another trainer. At this point Frankie is still afraid to open himself up to Maggie who follows every word of his advice. As Maggie fights her way up in her boxing, Frankie establishes a parental relationship with Maggie. While Maggie’s mother ridicules her success is the ring, Frankie eventually arranges a million dollar fight for Maggie and they actually success. Also the movie always mentions the guy who is called Danger. He is a innocent and optimistic young boy who always come to Frankie’s gym to practice but is not a nature boxer. Being successful in boxing is also his dream. The remorseless fact blows him into the depth of despair. Although he comes to the gym every day to practice, he can’t even fight back to the black guy. Now he know boxing is not as easy as his imagination. For this reason he disappears some days. But eventually, he comes back with his confidence. This is the irony in this story, even though you work hard, it’s not always a good outcome. He realized that he is not suit in boxing but the worshipful part is he still coming to practice tireless when he is awakened by Mr. Scrap. At least he flights for his dream and doesn't live in a ordinary life like Maggie’s mother. Maggie’s mother doesn’t have a job because she is lazy and she lives on the welfare. She doesn't have a dream and doesn't care about her own daughter. The only thing she concerns is money even though her own daughter is on the verge of death. At the top of the life of Maggie’s boxing, she is being a paralytic by the accident. The pain is intolerable for Maggie, she ask for ending her life. She does the most valuable thing in her life that she is satisfied with the brilliant achievements in the twinkling of an eye. She enjoys the process of boxing that she has never ever been regret of being a boxer. Lying on the bed is against to her believe – never have a original life. People in the world all are never and ever be the same because of difference dreams. They are finding the meaning of their lives. Maggie chooses to end of her life to wind up her finally dream. This story tell us, everyone has a right to pursue the dream. Just go for it, it might be failure but at least we try and our life will be unordinary. If we keep proceeding in the way of our dream, even though we fail we still get more than the other who live in an ordinary life.

The Bahamas aspired to global leadership and recognition as a “Center of Excellence” in the delivery of services

The Bahamas aspired to global leadership and recognition as a â€Å"Center of Excellence† in the delivery of services. Excellence is not a skill it is an attitude. Explain what you think this means, providing examples. The Bahamas has aspired to global leadership and recognition as a center of excellence in the delivery of services. Aspirations of global leadership cannot be accomplished without excellence. In order to be a leader globally you need dedication, commitment and you need to be excellent in every aspect of your job. Since tourism is a major industry in the Bahamas, we have to be diverse and able to deliver the services we offer with class and pride. If we want a strong continuity of tourism we must provide the services that we have to the tourist with quality, distinction and superiority. For example, seeing as we provide beautiful beaches to our tourists, we cannot leave the beach unclean or polluted. We must keep the beaches clean so that more tourists would want to come back to our country. We also have to keep in mind that even though out country is very unique from other places, we are still in competition with them, if we don't provide exceptional services then our tourists will go to places that do provide exceptional services. How our delivery of services is received by the tourist will determine whether the tourism industry will have a major effect on our economy. Excellence can have a number of meanings, it can be defined as (1) the quality or state of being outstanding and superior or (2) a feature in which somebody or something is superior and outstanding or (3) something in which something or someone excels. In other words excellence can be said to be the state or quality of excelling. It is superiority, or the state of being good to a high degree. Excellence is considered to be a value by many organizations, in particular by schools and other institutions of education, and a goal to be pursued. The pursuit of excellence is not to be a quest for superiority, and is not about competition, which is usually done for one's own glory or significance or for the praise or applause of men. Excellence means being your best,being better tomorrow than you were yesterday and matching your practice with your potential. It can be said that excellence is not a skill but an attitude bcause a skill is an ability, usually learned and acquired through training, to perform actions and an attitude is a personal view of something, an opinion or general feeling about something. Excellence cannot be learned or acquired through training. A parent or teacher cannot teach a child to be excellent; he or she can only teach that child to have an attitude of excellency or to have a positive mindset of being excellent. If someone has a strong personal view of being excellent then that person has a greater chance of succeeding in that endeavor. There is a greater chance of experiencing Excellency because if you have a positive outlook on life and you believe that excellence is an attitude that starts on the inside you will never fail. Everything starts out as a seed that grows from the inside. Excellency is the attitude that starts on the inside of a person.

Club to catwalk

Club to catwalk Club to Catwalk, page 10Club to Catwalk: critical analysisDuring the whole period of human existence, not a single thing was changed as much as fashion. One might even say it was too pretentious and for its sake people first created and then wore the most unbelievable and incredible costumes, rose above all on high platforms and adorned everything with amazing hairstyles ... only for fashion's sake! As the saying goes "Always dress to impress, so that others would think you're also in the trend. The main peculiarities of the '80s fashion were the unique ideas of the designers. The words "NO", NOT RIGHT" simply did not exist, as everything made people gasp and take after the new trends that alighted the life of the British capitol.Some people think that during the last few years, fashion did not introduce anything brand new. Everything was well known and even predicted from year to year.Vivienne Westwood in LondonPeople are now wondering whether this is the end of fashion as we know i t, and will the pacemakers of fashion turn their attention to the long past trends of the former decades in order to get more ideas and inspiration.London Fashion of the '80s is the topic that has come to the mind of Claire Wilcox, VA's curator of the most vibrant and vivid exhibition in the past years - "Club to Catwalk. London Fashion of the '80s". One of the co-curators describes this exhibition as a showplace of the 'timely creative period that by many was unappraised and misunderstood' ('Club to Catwalk: About the Exhibition', 2013).Looking upon the subject at first glance a question arises as to why this exhibition is held now. However, Claire Wilcox answers herself, as she did in an interview to the Grazia Daily...

15 NeuroMarketing Mind Hacks You Need To Be Using

15 NeuroMarketing Mind Hacks You Need To Be Using Can we really hack into the minds of our buyers and influence their decisions?  Some say we can, and theyve got the evidence to prove it. Research suggests that there are definite behavioral patterns that most people follow almost automatically, and understanding those patterns gives you  an edge in your niche. 15 NeuroMarketing Mind Hacks You Need To Be Using via @LarryGMaguire The Power Of  NeuroMarketing Since the time of the advertising greats like Claud C. Hopkins, the role of psychology in the decision making and buying habits of people  has been recognized and well documented. It has birthed a field of study commonly known as NeuroMarketing. And its findings will  give you deep insight into your buyers' and readers' behavior  to understand  what works and what doesn't in convincing them to buy from you. Call it what you like, NeuroMarketing or otherwise, the truth of the matter is everything you do on your site affects the perception of you and your product or service in the mind of your visitor. So, let's take a look at  the  NeuroMarketing  tactics and strategies that have been tried, tested, and shown to be effective at relaying our message to our buyers in their terms. Design  Your Content To Be Easily Recognized Design certainly influences your reader and positions your credibility from the get-go. So here are a few design hacks that will help you build your brand and grow your readership. 1. Brand your content to be recognizable anywhere it shows up. Research suggests  that we do indeed process advertising even if we don't consciously consider it. Big brand marketers know that once they build brand momentum, they need to continue building awareness their message. Think of when you ask yourself, â€Å"Where did I see that before?† Once you build brand momentum, continue building awareness for your message. #neuromarketingHow you can use unconscious branding. First, look into  branding for your blog. To make an impact, use your brand logo everywhere. Here  are  just a few examples of how you can do this: Insert your logo in your custom blog post images. Use your logo in your email signature. Insert your logo in your social media header images. Attach a branded image to your tweets and other social media posts. Use the same profile image across all platforms on the Internet. 2. Use color that connects with the emotions you want your readers to feel when they interact with your content. People make up their minds within 90 seconds of their initial interactions with products. About 62†90% of the assessment is based on colors. To top that off,  certain colors affect people in different ways, depending on our experiences.  Generally, it is agreed that certain colors evoke set  feelings in most people, and when  marketers use these colors, then they can influence people to make the right decisions. People make decisions within 90 seconds of seeing your product.  #neuromarketingHow you can use color in your marketing. Julie Neidlinger  already covered this  perfectly  in her post  about the psychological effects of color on your readers. Check out that robust post for tons of detail on this topic. 3. Use fonts that help your readers focus on the message rather than the design. The use of font type and style has a direct effect on the number of eyeballs that browse your content. Certain typefaces are associated and work well with particular professions, so choosing one that communicates your message  and matches your brand will help you connect with your readers. How to use typefaces correctly. I use Canva quite a lot. I think it's a great tool for building custom images with a good selection of Google fonts to choose from. I tend to use two typefaces in my custom images in order to keep my message consistent. Consider the following when selecting fonts for your blog and designs: Choose a look and feel that communicates your message. Stay consistent and use the same typefaces throughout your material. Use bold where necessary to increase the impact of one or more words in a sentence. Play around with color to contrast your message. Play with kerning. Kerning is the space between letters and can impact your message quite a bit. Center your text on an image or in the body of an article to  increase the impact. Check out this article and this one to understand the effect of typeface on your designs. 4.  Lay out your content so scanners can easily understand everything without reading it. Make your content as readable and scannable as possible. Bullet point key points or features and break your content up with images and quotes. Lay out your content to be easily scannable. #neuromarketingHow you can format for scanning. Lists: List posts are one of the most popular and shared post types. Use lists to break out important points that you want your readers to take away from your material. Don't just use boring default bullets, try make your bullets or numbers stand out more by using color or an image icon. Subheads:  Subheads expand on your heading and provide the reader a little more detail about your article or offer while further inviting the reader to move further into your content. Custom Images:  Use Canva to create custom images that you can place strategically within your posts, again, to highlight important points you want your readers to share and take away. The Sumome plugin allows your readers to share these images with a predefined tweet accompanied by your Twitter handle. Great for spreading the word! :  Use   a couple of times within the body of your posts to highlight or close out on an important point.  Ã‚  also allows your readers to quickly share your content with followers on Twitter. Break up long strings of text in your content with lists, subheads, and images. #blogging5. Suggest  action  with images. You have only 50 milliseconds to make an impression.  The  images you create, or get from other sources online and use on your site, will determine who you are and what you represent in the minds of your visitors quicker than a scalded cat off a hot stove. In Western society, your readers' eyes move top to bottom and left to right. And the reason for this is pretty obvious: It's the same way people read a book. If you use images of people, then the direction of their gaze can direct your readers' attention to where it's needed. Check out the highest converting landing page on LeadPages: How you can use images to direct your readers to action. In the image above, note the direction of the gaze of the pretty girl toward the opt-in box. It directs the visitor to take action and enter their info. You can use images to coax a particular response from your visitors. Make Your Readers Comfortable To Gain Their Trust Subliminal intention  passes below the normal limits of perception. So there are a few things you can do to help your readers feel comfortable with your brand  right from the get-go. 6. Show you’re confident, and your readers will be confident in your content and products. Research  shows that people readily accept the opinions of those they see as confident, even though past record may not be perfect. You can take advantage of this and give people what they want according to their preferences- you simply need to find out what floats their boat, and be confident in  your convictions. How to display confidence in your writing. Well there's only one real answer to this, and you certainly can't fake it. Research. Research until you get to the core of the information, and you will  have the ability to deliver the required information with certainty. There's a lot of rehashing of information online with many bloggers simply compiling information from others which results in vacuous content with no real substance whatsoever. If you want to display confidence in your writing, you must research deeply. Get off the fence, give your own opinion, and be definite about it. Find the research articles and link to them directly where you can. 7. Publish positive content to gain positive readers. Positive content performs better than negative  and is more likely to go viral.  Researchers  found that although content that is positive achieves greater virality, the content must arouse a high degree of positive emotion. Positive + emotional content is more likely to be shared. #neuromarketingThey also found that negatively centered content can also make the list if it arouses this high degree of emotion. How to use positive affirmation. Well, it's simple really. Focus on delivering your chosen message in a positive light. You may need to show your readers the potential negative effect of them doing the opposite, or taking some other choice, but you do want to finish on a positive note giving the benefits. Including a story of some personal experience can often deliver that x factor that makes the difference. Once you demonstrate that you understand them, offer them the solution to their problem. Your solution. 8. Help your readers easily understand what they don’t know. People avoid the unknown like the plague. If a product has little information or appears to be unfamiliar, then a buyer won't choose it. In other words, people are more likely to choose something they know the results of, preferring a known probability over an unknown probability. How to use the ambiguity effect. Offer Metaphors: When offering someone an option, try to deliver it with the addition of a metaphor. Metaphors help bring comfort, meaning, and familiarity to making choices. Make It Easy:  Keep the option you'd like your reader to select  simple and to the point, clear and concise. Use Stats: People trust statistics and rarely do their own research. Be the resource to use this to your advantage. 9. Make your content so easy to understand that it’s a no-brainer to check out your stuff. Familiarity brings cognitive fluency and reinforces the idea that repetition is the mother and father of all learning.  Fluency is the ease or difficulty in completing a mental task and can really influence your visitors' decision making. How you can use cognitive fluency. Make it easy for your readers to digest your information and make decisions. Publish consistent content that is easy to read and requires little effort to understand. Help your readers complete simple mental tasks to influence their decision making. Use subheads, images, and bullet points to break up the content. Write sentences no longer than 25 words, and paragraphs no more than 3 sentences long. Use white space to your advantage- use a less is more approach. Offer a clear call-to-action on every page and think about including it several times on the page. Write Your Blog Posts To Captivate And Maintain Readership Keeping and maintaining readership is super important, and you can use the psychology of marketing to keep folks interested. 10. Write awesome headlines that inspire action. Benefit + Time + Outcome is a headline formula that has been proven to be very effective. You obviously need to be selective about the number of words you use and how you put them together, but the formula works. The elements of the formula  don't always need to be included, but it seems to be very effective when they are all together. The elements break down like this: Benefit:  Outline the benefit to the reader in their terms and as simply as you can. Time:  Include a time frame when they can expect to reap the rewards of using the system. Outcome:  Show what the outcome will be if the reader uses your system. 11.  Draw on emotion to make a lasting impression. Emotion sells. I was at a business network meeting, and one of the fundraising members  showed us a YouTube video of a group of children who were the casualties of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in the 1980s. Well, I can tell you there wasn't a dry eye in the house!  Needless to say he filled his contribution bucket that night. The point is: Emotion sells. When you  rock emotional energy in your writing, you're  well along the way to capturing the attention of your readers. But how do you achieve that? How you can use emotion in your articles. Include  your own emotional connection with the content you are producing, and choose words to  convey emotion. Try this list of power, emotional, common, and uncommon words to  add greater impact to your articles. Also use the headline analyzer  to measure the effectiveness of your headlines and subheads. No tears in the writer, no tears in the reader. - Robert Frost 12.  Build awareness with lots of touch points. Attention bias is where consumers are influenced overwhelmingly by their recurring or established thought patterns. An example of this is where you might have a love of hats. This love of hats leads to a tendency to notice hats above all other clothing. Marketers take advantage of this behavior pattern all the time.  They want to become established in your thought patterns.  And they start young, understanding that the earlier they get hold of you, the better is it for their brand recognition later. How you can use attention bias. Keep at it. Whatever methods you are using to get your brand out there, keep doing it. You must stay in the minds of your readers. Publishing and sharing something is better than nothing, and the more you get your stuff under the eyeballs of readers, the better. Post on social media every day. Blog consistently. Share your stuff again and again. Repost your articles on sites that are happy to accept them Guest post original articles. 13.  Use social influence to inspire engagement. People appear more attractive in a group than in isolation- that's the cheerleader effect. No one likes to be isolated. Group mentality has great momentum and influence in the decisions of your buyers. People naturally want to stay in the crowd where it's safe, so you can find ways to appeal to that bias. How you can use the cheerleader effect. Use a bunch of testimonials together, rather than only one or two. Use reviews as a means of showing other people's engagement with you or your product. 14. Confirm what your readers want to hear. Confirmation bias is the human tendency to search for and interpret information in a way that confirms our  preconceptions. Well, give 'em what they want and don't try to change their mind. If someone is already predisposed to your solution, then they will likely buy.

Consumer behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Consumer behavior - Research Paper Example ect, the study of consumer behaviour is very essential for developing proper marketing strategies and appropriate product lines for automotive products. In general, there are many factors that influence consumer behaviours. Gilligan and Wilson have identified four primary factors that influence consumer behaviour and these are cultural, social, personal and psychological (Gilligan and Wilson, 2003, p.226). However, in automobile industry, the perceptions and preferences of consumers vary according to nature, unity, durability, safety, price and technology of automotive products. This paper will attempt to discuss consumer behaviour for non commercial automobile products like cars, bikes etc. The automobile products are consumer durable goods with high prices and a large variety of automobile products are available for different consumer groups. The primary objective of this paper is to analyse various consumer behaviour issues related to automobile products and to apply relevant consumer behaviour models in order to resolve them. This paper will deal with two main sections. The first section will present my own thoughts and opinions towards automobile products. The next section will attempt to identify the existing consumer behaviour issues for non-commercial automobile products. Various theories and models will then be applied to resolve these issues. Finally, the conclusion will reflect the major findings of this paper. Automobile industry has experienced the most frequent changes in the last decade. Development of technology and increase in consumer demand are two vital factors responsible for the growth of this industry. This has also led to the increase in competition among the automobile manufacturers. The companies are trying to introduce latest technologies for developing new motor cars that can match the expectations of existing customers. In this industry, the expectations of consumers vary significantly and the automobile companies are aiming to meet

Evaluation of the Software Project (Travel App) Research Paper

Evaluation of the Software Project (Travel App) - Research Paper Example From the software application Travel App., usability of the system has been considered and met in the design of the application. It is very easy to learn and understand as the number of buttons used has been minimized completely. Where fewer buttons are used, the user of the system has time to glance at them through at once to get the intended button with ease. The way the buttons have been labeled is another aspect that makes the application easy to learn and use as the instructions to be input are clear and precise. Even a naà ¯ve user can confidently use the system without any form of problem. It has been designed using the user-centered design as the clarity of the buttons dictates. A good designed user interface facilitates completion of tasks by users of the system without requiring them to pay more attention to the system. The manner in which a good interface is designed should facilitate its usability. This is achieved through balancing of the visual components and the techn ical functionality of the system when designing it, as it ensures development of usable, operational systems that are adaptable to changing user needs. It can therefore be concluded that the Travel Application has been designed in a usable manner as it meets most of these requirements in the way it has been designed and developed.

History of west coast swing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of west coast swing - Essay Example Various authors trace the origin of the West Coast Swing from various places. Nonetheless, P. Wright and J. Wright identify the original roots of this dance from the Jazz era of the 1920s with the style first known as the jitterburg, which was inspired by the boogie-woogie (109). At the same time, a Latin American dance style, called the lindy, evolved with the dancing style interchanging  into patterns that were similar to various steps of the jitterburg to involve â€Å"a single step, a delayed step, or a step taken on each slow count† typical of a swing although called the lindy (P. Wright and J. Wright 109). Following this development, bands that were performing the lindy became famous in the 1930s and 1940s, which consequently contributed to the renaming of the dance style as the swing dance. Importantly, the dance survived the rock ‘n’ roll era of the 1950s and 1960s (P. Wright and J. Wright 109). From this singular form of the swing dance, two forms of swing emerged. The East Coast swing and the West Coast swing were the  new  dance styles with the West Coast swing being the most popular dance style then and in the contemporary society. The West Coast swing is characterized by slot dancing, which â€Å"uses both six- and eight-count patterns done to either medium or slow tempos† (P. Wright and J. Wright 109). Overtime, the West Coast swing  dancing style  has evolved to various forms. In its previous form, the dance was primarily a man’s dance with the follower following the steps in the presentation. Currently, both dancers have a responsibility over the movements involved in the presentation (Blair). On the other hand, the classic form of West Coast swing has evolved into a dance that is characterized by elongated slot, timed pulsing that is chilling, controlled timing of steps, and critical movements that result to a more

Mobile Game-Based Learning (mGBL) Development Methodology

Mobile Game-Based Learning (mGBL) Development Methodology 1.0 Introduction There is increasing interest in the use of ICT and educational technology to promote learning formally or informally. Such technologies are educational software in CD, web-based or online learning, e-learning, Computer-Based Training (CBT), and most recently mobile learning (m-learning). M-learning can be described as a learning technique that happens across locations or that takes advantage of learning opportunities offered by mobile technologies such as mobile phones, smart phones, PDAs and handheld devices. Many research findings show the potential and effective use of mobile technologies for learning purpose (Naismith et al., 2006; Pachler, 2007) with using variety of learning systems as listed in Table 1. Table 1: Example of Mobile Learning Systems Application Types Project Names Authors SMS text message BBC Bitesize Programme Mobile Learning Language System Learning System (Blackboard) BBC Bitesize (2003) Thornton and Houser (2004) Vassell et al. (2006) Mobile Game mGBL project Mathematic Video Game- Skills Area Virus MIT Game-To-Teach Mitchell et al. (2006) Lee et al. (2004) Collella (2000) Klopfer and Squire (2002) Mobile Application Classroom Response System -Educue Ambient Wood Butterfly Watching System Interactive Audio-Visual tour Dufresne at al. (1996) Rogers at al (2002) Chen at al. (2004) Proctor and Burton (2003) Although there are many application types in mobile learning, this research is focusing on the mobile game as a scope of study. Mobile game-based learning (mGBL) is a game specifically for learning which is also played on a mobile phone, smart phone, PDA or handheld devices. The purpose of mGBL is by using game play to enhance motivation in order to learn, engage education, or to enhance effectiveness of learning content transfer or other specific learning outcome. In a general term, mGBL can be categorized as a serious game (Sawyer and Smith, 2008). The research on serious game increases dramatically world wide (Corti, 2006) and this is due the fact that the growing usage and popularity of exploiting game to support learning (Sawyer, 2008). Figure 1 shows that the GBL is the most popular terms searched via Google amongst other game-based concept. Figure 1: Popularity on Game-Based Concept (based on Sawyer, 2008) To fully utilize the potential of mGBL, we must look beyond the practice uses of the mGBL. The most important part is the design and methodology to develop mGBL. Developing a good game is very important because to make sure the player is motivated enough to keep playing the game until the game goal has been achieved (Kramer, 2000; Rollings and Morris, 2004) and similarly to mGBL by adding learning module as stated by Prensky (2001), Becker (2006), and Gee (2003). In order to take advantage of those aspects of â€Å"good† games for learning, the design and development of mGBL must be studied. 2.0Research Motivations The ownership of mobile phone exponentially increasing all around the world. For example in Malaysia the subscriptions of mobile phone are growing rapidly with a high penetration rate (MCMC, 2007). This is due to the fact that mobile technology is naturally portable, flexible to anywhere, possible to connect us to variety of information sources and enable communication everywhere (Smith et. al, 1999; Naismith et al., 2006). With such huge potential, there is possibility of using mobile for learning because it combines the wireless connectivity and educational contents (text, multimedia, application) delivered according to learners location, requirements and skills (Salz, 2006). One of the educational content is mGBL because it can be exploited to be an interesting mobile content. Most of students like playing games. Looking at this prospective market for game, mGBL is worth to be one of the mobile learning content. In addition, there are a lot of advantages of using games for learning. Cisic et al. (2007) discuss the advantages of games which can promote learning by motivation, play environment, and role playing. Therefore mGBL suppose to be developed in an appropriate way which can further achieve the learning objective for mobile learning. Other aspect of motivating for this research is the proposed Malaysian government initiative. Norshuhada and Syamsul Bahrin (2008) have discussed about the Malaysian government initiative which has introduced the Malaysian MyICMS 886 to promote local content development: â€Å"MyICMS 886 dictates a number of strategies for the growth of local content and these are promoting awareness, building competencies in higher education and forming strategic alliances. The goals are to encourage local creativity, address new content demands and also export content. In achieving these goals, the Malaysian government together with a number of key industry players have provided many funding incentives specifically for local content production.† The Malaysian government initiative is mainly purpose to encourage local company to create and develop local-based content with their creativity for marketing both locally and internationally. 3.0Research Problem Embedding learning content to mobile games can be complicated because mobile games differ from the application software, particularly designing educational game. In order to develop mGBL, it is crucial for developer to refer at the comprehensive design and development methodology. The development of mGBL can be a combination of two models; game development method and instructional design (ID) model. Most of ID models contain valuable insights and guidelines for development of instruction. Each addresses various problems effectively and it would be foolish to ignore them in an attempt to create any learning based technology (Becker, 2006). In addition, Moser (2000) stated that ID model can and should be incorporated into new setting (in different media) for designing object learning and the ability of the method to provide the necessary element of learning. Various game design models and development methods have been proposed and are made available in different genre of games, with each having their own requirements. Similarly to ID models offer different components which cater to which context one applies (Gustfason and Branch, 1997; Moser, 2000). Although game development has a history of implementation in ID (Garris et al. (2002), literature still lack available of comprehensive methods specifically for developing mGBL applications. Most of the methods are guidelines or general approaches for developing mobile game (Dholkawala, 2007; IGDA, 2005). Other concerning aspect to develop mGBL is the restrictions on design in mobile environment such as screen design, interaction, and software/hardware dependent (Lee, 2005). The guideline on how to align with these restrictions should also be included in the development method, so that the developer will put into consideration when they apply it into the real development. 4.0Research Objectives In attempting to cater this problem, the following research objectives are devised. The main research objective is to propose a methodology for developing mobile game-based learning (mGBL). In accomplishing the main objective, the following sub-objectives are also formed: To investigate the key issues of: developing mobile game for learning embedding ID model in developing mGBL. To explore and identify the main components of methodology for developing mGBL. To develop the methodology for development of mGBL. To test the proposed methodology by developing a prototype. To evaluate the proposed methodology in term of development efficiency 5.0Research Questions In achieving the objectives, four main questions bring up: What are the key issues of developing mobile game-based learning? What are the components of design model for developing mobile casual game for learning (mGBL)? What are the flows and cycles of the mGBL development methodology? How to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed methodology? 6.0Research Methodology A prominent design science research methodology (Vaishnavi and Kuechler, 2007) will be adopted for accomplishing the research objective because the expected main output for this research is a methodology. The methodology is divided into five phases; Awareness of Problem, Suggestions Development, Evaluation, and Conclusion. Figure 2 illustrates the activities will be conducted in this study. Activities Phases 1.1 Literature study, web browsing information reuse Research Methodology 1 Awareness of Problem 2 Suggestion 3 Development 4 Evaluation 5 Conclusion 1.3 Initial study on the usage of mobile game among students 1.4 Survey study on mGame Development Methodology among mGame developers Outcomes 2.1 Study on the flow and cycle of the mGBL development Research problems Key issues of mGBL development Components of mGBL methodology 1.2 Comparative study on current mGBL methodologies/ models 3.1 Develop the proposed mGBL methodology 4.1 Test the proposed methodology by developing a prototype 5.1 Report writing and research publication 4.2 Evaluate the proposed methodology in term of development efficiency Proposed mGBL methodology mGBL Prototype Evaluation Result Publications 2.2 Combine the mGBL development components Obj 1 Obj 2 Obj 3 Obj 4 Obj 5 Figure 2: Research methodology adopted from Vaishnavi Kuechler (2007) 7.0Comparative Study on the GBL Design and Development Models This study is conducted in order to compare and explore the available design and development methods proposed by several researchers. The collected models can be analyzed into two: (1) General Game-based Learning Models and (2) Mobile Game Design Models and Methodologies. The general GBL models as following: Amory and Seagram (2003) Game Object Model (GOM), Game Achievement Model (GAM); and Persona Outlining Model (POM). Amory (2007) Game Object Model II Garris et al. (2002) Input-Process-Outcome Game Model Kiili (2005) Kiilis Model Norma (2005) Engaging Multimedia Design Model Watson (2007) Games for Activating Thematic Engagement (GATE) Tan et al. (2007) Adaptive Digital Game-based Learning Framework Noor Azli et al. (2008) Framework for Designing GBL for Children Nor Azan Wong (2008) -GBL Model for history courseware design The mobile game development models and methodologies as listed below: Mitchell et al. (2006) mGBL model Paras Bizzocchi (2005) -Integrated Model for Educational Game Design Dholkawala (2005) Best Practice for Mobile Game Development McGuire (2006) Scrum Methodology Dynamic Ventures (2007) -Game Development Methodology Edwards Coulton (2006) Design-Protect-Build-Test-Market-Sell Novak (2004, 2007) Game Development Process Janousek (2007) Game Life Cycle The separation between the above two analyzed categories is based on the differences on the design model and development methodologies. As stated by Vaishnavi and Kuechler (2007), design model is a set of propositions which express the relationship between components or concept. On the other hand, development methodology is a set of steps or guidelines used to perform a task. Table 2 and 3 illustrate a summary of the comparative study on the design or development models and methodologies for game-based learning (GBL), mobile game (mGame), and mobile game-based learning (mGBL). The analysis is based on descriptions, advantages, and disadvantages of the models. Table 2: A summary of GBL models No. Name Author/ Proposed by Description Disadvantages 1. GOM (Game Object Model) Amory Seagram (2003) GOM is a design model and also an evaluation model GOM relates game elements to the promotion of educational objectives 2. GAM (Game Achievement Model) Amory Seagram (2003) GAM is a design and evaluation model GAM is part of GOM The GAM works on the principle of linking educational and in-game objectives in order to create a continuous experience and maintain interest in the game. This forms the outline of the game and the basic story. 3. POM (Persona Outlining Model) Amory Seagram (2003) POM is a design and evaluation model POM uses expected player interaction to build a persona concept to better define the best design POM works under the concept of four fundamental questions. Who will be exploiting the system? What will they be doing? How will they do it? With what technology will the system be developed? 4. GOM Version II Amory (2007) GOM II is an extended model of GOM The most significant addition caused by this model the addition of the Social Space This is only a design model which is not providing the development methodology. GOM has a tendency to focus too much on mechanical aspects GOM covers so many things it will become necessary to create a complicated evaluation system to match it. Although it claims to be a model that integrates education theory and game design, it does so at an abstract level by placing a requirement for learning objectives as part of the model. There are no actual examples and there is no data. This model doesnt really do much to address how to implement learning objectives, which to my mind is at the core of all instructional design. These model generally applicable for educational software. 5. Input-Process-Outcome Game Model Garris et al. (2002) This is a design model. The model adopts the input-process-output framework, and provides a game cycle that is triggered by specific game features. The objective of this model is to incorporate instructional and certain features of games at first level which then trigger a cycle that includes user judgments or reactions such as enjoyment or interest, user behaviors such as greater persistence or time on task, and further system feedback. Finally, this engagement in game play leads to the achievement of training objectives and specific learning outcomes. This is only a design model which is not providing the development methodology. The model focuses on the game play and game cycle. 6. Kiilis Model Kiili (2005) This is a design model. The model works to related already existent game theory with already existent educational theory in order to create a functional model based off of already well accepted concepts. Foremost important in the Killi Model is the concept of Flow Theory found in game design. Kiliis model can best be viewed as one large problem linked by a series of smaller problems. This is only a design model which is not providing the development methodology. Kiliis model focuses only on behavioral aspects 7. Engaging Multimedia Design Model Norma (2005) This is a design model. This model focuses on the engagement level of a learner. The concept of this model can be adapted into designing an educational game. This is only a design model which is not providing the development methodology. This model is a general model for multimedia design specifically for children. 8. GATE (Games for Activating Thematic Engagement) theory Watson (2007) This is a design model. GATE theory is a theory of educational game design driven around the principles of engaging the learner in a topic in order to encourage further exploration. The underlying premise behind GATE is to make the player autonomous and self-motivated. The model heavily based upon the works of Bruner This is only a design model which is not providing the development methodology. The GATE model is too abstract. The GATE model is still too new for there to be a body of evidence that either supports or refutes its value. 9. Adaptive Digital Game-based Learning Framework Tan et al. (2007) The model focuses on both of the design and learners aspects. In learners aspect, it consists of psychological needs, cognitive development, and learning behavior. In design elements, it consists of multimodal, task, and feedback. This is only a design model which is not providing the development methodology. This model is still new and needs several studies to support on it effectiveness. 10. Framework for Designing GBL for Children Noor Azli et al. (2008) A design model which is modified from Kiilis Model Emphasize cognitive presence by stressing the importance of reflective observation and knowledge construction The model specifically to Pre-school domain. This is only a design model which is not providing the development methodology. This model is still new and needs several studies to support on it effectiveness. 11. GBL Model for history courseware design Nor Azan Wong (2008) A design model The model focuses on components of history courseware design for Secondary school- upper level. The model consists of 2 components; pedagogy and digital games components. This is only a design model which is not providing the development methodology. This model is also still new and needs several studies to support on it effectiveness. Table 3: A summary of mGame and mGBL design models and methodologies 1. mGBL Model Mitchell et al. (2006) The mGBL models will be iteratively developed within a social-constructivist framework, using experiential learning and situated learning theories that see learning as a social activity constructed in interactions with others. This approach suits learning models delivered via mobile phones. Importantly, they will also support creative decision-making, encouraging players to consider decisions from different perspectives with a focus on mission, defining significant results and doing rigorous assessment. The mGBL model has been applied to these domain: e-health, e-commerce, career guidance, and m-government Although this model is the most relevant to mGBL, but it focuses on the design part. This is only a design model which is not providing the development methodology. 2. Integrated Model for Educational Game Design Paras Bizzocchi (2005) This model reconciles flow, learning, and motivation within an immersive game experience. The model shows that games foster play, which produces a state of flow, which then increases motivation, and lastly supports the learning process. This is only a design model which is not providing the development methodology. 3. Best Practice for Mobile Game Development Dholkawala (2005) This methodology suggests steps in developing mobile game in general from developing game concept until the trimming process. These guidelines are general use for developing mobile game which not includes the ID model. 4. Scrum Methodology McGuire (2006) The methodology is based on Agile Methodology. The iterative process is a main concern for this methodology. It focuses on the tasks given to each individual of the development team. This methodology also for general use for developing mobile game which not includes the ID model. 5. Game Development Methodology Dynamic Ventures, Inc. (2007) The methodology provides guideline to develop general mobile game It focuses on the feedback and input from the client, stakeholders and developers. The methodology is an iterative process. This methodology also for general use for developing mobile game which not includes the ID model. 6. Design-Protect-Build-Test-Market-Sell Edwards Coulton (2006) This methodology extends the Design-Build-Test philosophy. The added processes are protecting IP, marketing and selling games. The methodology is also an iterative process. This methodology also for general use for developing mobile game which not includes the ID model. 7. Game Development Process Novak (2004, 2007) The development process similar to multimedia development phases. The main focus of the methodology is the design documents such as game proposal, game design document, technical design document and test plan. This methodolo

Symbolism in “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” Essay -- Literary Analy

In 1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge published his poem â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†. Several editions followed this, the most notable being the 1815 version, which included a gloss. This poem has grown to become well known and debated, especially concerning the message that Coleridge was attempting to impart. The interpretation of the poem as a whole and of various characters, settings, and objects has been the subject of numerous essays, papers, books, and lectures. There are approximately four things that are major symbols in this work, along with the possibility that the structure itself is symbolic. In order to best determine what these things symbolize in â€Å"The Rime†, one must look at what Coleridge considered a symbol to be and then analyze the text accordingly. James McKusick accomplishes this first task deftly, intertwining Coleridge’s own writings into his essay and then elucidating upon them so that the reader may understand Coleridge’s views, which should then influence how the poem is interpreted. In this, own discovers that Coleridge felt that to be a symbol, the object in question must be humble and of everyday life, while â€Å"bear[ing] witness to the presence of the Eternal.† The process of creating a symbol was two-fold in that â€Å"poetic images emerge fully formed from the †¦ imagination, but they do not become symbols, laden with †¦ meaning, until they are appropriated and reconstituted by the awareness of a reader† (McKusick 223). Thus, the purpose of a symbol was to convey the Eternal. One other important f eature of Coleridge is that in creating a symbol, he often uses nature and its elements, as can be seen in â€Å"The Rime† (Bostetter 242, Perkins 433). Depending on the interpretation of the poem as whole w... ... the poem and possibly implicate that it is also the center of the universe as well (Dilworth). Interpretation of a literary work is often difficult to determine, but the author often leaves many hidden clues to help the reader along. Symbols are one of the primary features used by authors in this endeavor and Coleridge was no different in writing â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†. Many other symbols besides the four major ones discussed exist, along with other literary characteristics possibly acting as symbols or simply assist in exposing the message the author wanted to divulge. Ultimately, the beauty of literature is the fact that each person may perceive it differently and not be incorrect, and through open-minded discussion people may share, create, and impart new pieces of wisdom, spread appreciation, and share the love of Christ as well. Symbolism in â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† Essay -- Literary Analy In 1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge published his poem â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†. Several editions followed this, the most notable being the 1815 version, which included a gloss. This poem has grown to become well known and debated, especially concerning the message that Coleridge was attempting to impart. The interpretation of the poem as a whole and of various characters, settings, and objects has been the subject of numerous essays, papers, books, and lectures. There are approximately four things that are major symbols in this work, along with the possibility that the structure itself is symbolic. In order to best determine what these things symbolize in â€Å"The Rime†, one must look at what Coleridge considered a symbol to be and then analyze the text accordingly. James McKusick accomplishes this first task deftly, intertwining Coleridge’s own writings into his essay and then elucidating upon them so that the reader may understand Coleridge’s views, which should then influence how the poem is interpreted. In this, own discovers that Coleridge felt that to be a symbol, the object in question must be humble and of everyday life, while â€Å"bear[ing] witness to the presence of the Eternal.† The process of creating a symbol was two-fold in that â€Å"poetic images emerge fully formed from the †¦ imagination, but they do not become symbols, laden with †¦ meaning, until they are appropriated and reconstituted by the awareness of a reader† (McKusick 223). Thus, the purpose of a symbol was to convey the Eternal. One other important f eature of Coleridge is that in creating a symbol, he often uses nature and its elements, as can be seen in â€Å"The Rime† (Bostetter 242, Perkins 433). Depending on the interpretation of the poem as whole w... ... the poem and possibly implicate that it is also the center of the universe as well (Dilworth). Interpretation of a literary work is often difficult to determine, but the author often leaves many hidden clues to help the reader along. Symbols are one of the primary features used by authors in this endeavor and Coleridge was no different in writing â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†. Many other symbols besides the four major ones discussed exist, along with other literary characteristics possibly acting as symbols or simply assist in exposing the message the author wanted to divulge. Ultimately, the beauty of literature is the fact that each person may perceive it differently and not be incorrect, and through open-minded discussion people may share, create, and impart new pieces of wisdom, spread appreciation, and share the love of Christ as well.

Why Does John Fowles’ “The French Lieutenant’s Woman”?

The novel â€Å"The French Lieutenant’s Woman† was made possible because of the haunting image of a woman in John Fowles’ imagination at the dock looking to the sea. The main character of the novel is Sarah Woodruff who is an impoverished former Victorian educator. Sarah was labeled in the territory as â€Å"Tragedy† or the â€Å"French Lieutenant’s Whore† because she was thought to loss her virginity to the departed sailor Varguennes. In the story, there is a noble Englishman named Charles Smithson who happened to saw Sarah while he was walking along the shore with his fiancà © Ernestina Freeman.Ernestina was a daughter of a wealthy shop owner. In the long run, he has a ploy to help Sarah as shown in his multiple meetings with her. In due course, he became attracted to Sarah until he pursued her. Unable to overcome his desires, they made love for the first time in a hotel room and he was shocked to his discovery that she was still a virgin. The history of her seduction on Varguennes as the one who got her virginity was therefore a lie. Charles became beguiled to Sarah. He realized that this lie had alienated Sarah from the society where she belongs and which is of paltry morals and fickle-minded that Sarah learned to detest.Charles then broke his engagement to Ernestina and offers marriage to Sarah instead. Sarah declined the offer and runs away. The lost of Charles’ engagement made him isolated and estranged from the Victorian society and Ernestina’s affluence as well. He looked for Sarah and found her as a model for the pre-Raphaelite painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti in London. From this, John Fowles offered multiple endings.The multiple endings style presented by John Fowles in his novel is a capturing technique to the readers’ attention. He offers variable choices of ending to the reader because as we all know every book has its own group of diverse readers. To satisfy this and to acknowledge th e readers of your work, offering them a several endings is professional enough to recognize their patronization of your work. Another reason why John Fowles offered multiple endings is to develop critical thinking to readers and to know their selves better through knowing what they want. For readers who intend to develop their skills as writer, Fowles give different options of how to make an ending.Through the ending, the faà §ade of the characters behind the story and the purpose of the story are being more defined and delineated. This also gives us an idea that a story is a story that in fact starts in the beginning and ends only in the ending. Sounds irony as it is, it means that the extremes of the story tells us of what to expect and how to supposedly read the novel. It tells us that story has its twists and turns but may still be straight ahead depending on the focus of the reader.The novel offered a blissful and joyful ending and a futile and wasted ending. From these, I pre ferred the blissful and joyful ending as the whole course of the novel is full of tragedy and showing a hopeless case. The happy ending affirms a reunion of Sarah and Charles together with their daughter. The hopeless ending is they decided to part forever after all the sacrifices. Also, the character of Sarah if this is the ending is being detested because she is portrayed as a deceitful and fraudulent woman and as a whore she really is though she was a virgin to Charles.As an affectionate satire under Victorian plot and setting, the curiosity of the reader to the ending of the story must be satisfied and sultry at the same time. The narrative manner of the story is self-referencing and the characters Sarah and Charles have the reasoning and feat of a twentieth century which is one more century advance than their time. They are expressive of what they want and do what they have to carry out instead of behaving being under the dictates and morals being entailed to them by the societ y where they belong. Through sexual communication, the main characters had evolved and undergone personal development.The first ending, wherein Charles marries Ernestina to follow the expected norms in the society to retain class status quo, showed the true lifestyle and ways of life at those time wherein the writer didn’t deflect the ideals at those times. As usual, the consequence of such ending and kind of plot directs a marriage that is not happy and successful.In this ending also, the fortune of Sarah was not elaborated but focuses on Charles’ part where he let Ernestina know that he had an affair before once to a woman he referred as a French Lieutenant's Whore. He did not further detail the story and did not need to include the worst particulars for the matter to be closed. This is a fine ending but not much causing reaction to the readers because this is common to people under a lifestyle where class is important. The ending is calm and does not offer much emot ion and catastrophic sceneries.In another ending, Charles chose Sarah and broke his engagement to Ernestina. This is an ending where love is chosen against all odds and mind was overruled. As expected, this has lead to unlikable consequences because of the present society where they belong. Charles became dishonored, humiliated, and shamed for choosing Sarah who had an appalling status in the society. Consequently, Charles was also disinherited from his uncle who then remarries where he got an heir. Sarah left for London without the knowledge of Charles. Charles who had loved Sarah so much did not stop finding her for several years.One time he found her in London where Sarah was a model. Charles found out that he had a child and the ending was left open where there is an inference of reconciliation and reunion as a family. This ending has so much to offer and the expected ending if it has to be a happy ending. The spice in the ending is the notion that no matter how many typhoons pa ssed your way there is an appropriate time that it will calm down soon. It is like expecting a sunny day at the end of the rain. It gave our human nature a chance to get up and tells us that trials are just temporary. It gave readers an idea of the natural circle of life and giving them hope that their struggles and sacrifices are not wasted because in due time, the fruits of these will soon be reaped.In terms of character of Sarah, It tells the reader that what we think of us depends on what we allow others to think of us. In this world full of critics and prejudice, you have to be strong and be able to defend yourself because you alone knew yourself most and its limitations that you must not allow others to treat you as inferior to them. The more you allow a person to treat you that way, the more you are giving them right to invade your privacy and dignity until one day it is too late for you to realize that you lost everything. You lost what you should have defended, kept, cared, and guarded.In this multitude and variable persona and guise behind the character of Sarah, Fowles was able to offer to readers another ending. This ending has its plot same as the second ending where Charles found in London as a model for the pre-Raphaelite artists. Here, there is no reconciliation that happened and their reunion was unpleasant. He found out that he is only used by Sarah but in the process, he contemplated that it is for the better as he learned to reflect and became aware to return to his old self. On the other hand, Sarah had chosen to conceal the existence of their child to avoid extending their relationship.This type of ending further builds up on the real character of Sarah if is she trying to hold true of what people think of her or is she really that kind of girl. Inquisitiveness and nosiness in a reader’s disposition will be triggered and the nature of a person of criticizing and judging surfaces. Many questions may arouse such as does Sarah loves m aneuvering people if she knows she could exploit them through their feelings like Charles who loves and respects her so much? Or is she a connoisseur liar and indeed with few morals that must not be given a chance or must not be loved at all?In the novel, it was reflected that Fowles has difficulty choosing what the ending should be, the truer and more preferred ending, by disguising in the novel as the man watching the man Charles in the train. He finally decided then to initially have the happy ending then the final as the sad ending. Here it can be reflected that there is an author involvement and intervention in the novel. This technique is a landmark in literature because multiple endings and author involvement and intervention are truly unique and innovative. But is this accepted in the world of literature? Or is this innovative technique acceptable and tolerable in literature?As we can see, these denigrations have been passed by Fowles successfully as most critics found this technique as more interesting and a demonstration of exceptional talent. Any imitation or adaptation of this technique will be judged and reviewed as not creative, inventive, imaginative, or original at all. The multiple endings technique is also a manipulative style of the author to his readers. He made them raise questions and arouse their curiosity. Others interpret that the author is anxious and thirst for a psychological need to control. But it must still not be ignored that each reader has its own ability to analyze and understand what they read, thus, this aspect in readers’ being cannot be controlled by the author.While reading the novel not because of the story but due to evaluating why the author made several endings for the story, I can not help to think that maybe the author had taken too lightly or failed to appreciate the ability of the readers for independent thinking and understanding. But looking positively, maybe the author just wanted to satisfy his readers in terms of a happy or sad ending. The ending they will choose will satisfy each type of reader with their expectations being met. Generally, Fowles had been a good puppet master unlikely to uncover of his purpose behind the novel. What we knew is that he had made a remarkable move in the literature world.ReferenceWilliam Stephenson, Chester College of Higher Education. â€Å"The French Lieutenant's Woman.† The Literary Encyclopedia. 10 Oct. 2002. The Literary Dictionary Company. 23 July 2007. ;http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true;UID=796;

The Necessity of Ethics in Criminal Justice

Erazo Criminal Justice April 15, 2013 Prompt: Give an account of the role of ethics and its significance to the functions of the criminal justice system in America, and describe its impact on crime and social control. The Necessity of Ethics in Criminal Justice The role of ethics is important to the criminal justice system as well as the government because it helps maintains social control and crime control. Over time the role of ethics has adapted in every aspect of the criminal justice system.Without the role of ethics there would be corruption; the law would have little meaning because its application would be undependable (citation. ) The criminal justice system, which works along with the government, has a great impact of how people treat each other, therefore the role of ethics is not only important for the law but for society as well. Of course there are differences in ethics; depending on certain occupations ones ethics will vary, but the overall role of ethics is to â€Å"d evelop personal qualities such as: courage, honesty, confidentiality, law-abiding behavior reproach and exemplary in nature† (cite 3. It is important for our defense attorneys, police officers, and judges to practice the role of ethics to maintain a stable criminal justice system. It is important to have ethics in the criminal justice system because it prevents corruption, brutality and racial discrimination. Without the role of ethics, the criminal justice system would not be where it’s at today. It abides by the supreme law of the land which falls under the preamble of the constitution which is the Bills of Rights.The Bill of Rights makes sure to protect every citizen’s rights no matter the gender, race or other discriminatory factors. The criminal justice system holds true to these factors which reduce corruption, brutality and racial discrimination. There would be corruption in the CJS (Criminal Justice System) by police corruption. There would be police corr uption by extortion: demanding money for not writing traffic tickets, and bribery: accepting money in exchange for not enforcing the law. Police corruption carries high costs in many ways.The first way of corruption is that police corruption detracts from the integrity of police authority and tarnishes the image the public view law enforcement. The public expect authorities to be honest and to treat everybody equally. The lack of law enforcement adds on to the increase of crime rates because authority is influencing negative behavior by not stopping crime. Secondly, it protects other criminal activities that deal with prostitution and drugs. The police are being bribed of not enforcing the law by the exchange of money. Criminals offer lucrative sources of income for organized crime.This means that a criminal would pay a police officer a certain amount of money to let a crime happen and the police would prevent law enforcement regulations upon them. What is usually seen in police cor ruption is called narcotic corruption. Narcotic corruption is â€Å"an inevitable consequence of drug enforcement,† (Cliff Notes-Police Corruption. ) Police officers are being offered either lucrative income or share some of the profit being made from the drugs that are being brought because of the prevention of law enforcement these officers are taking a part of.Providers of these services and illegal goods use part of their profits to bribe the police in order to ensure the continuation of criminal enterprises. If authority is not giving out the prime example of enforcing the law, what are the expectations of the citizens following them? Police corruption adds on to crimes, therefore following the role of ethics is strictly important to prevent incidents of police corruption to keep happening. The role of ethics makes sure to reduce police corruption if not eliminate it.To catch the violating officers, the criminal justice system holds special investigation commissions and auditors. Police corruption has been reduced tremendously by teaching officers the role of ethics as well. Another reason why the role of ethics is important to the criminal justice system is because of police brutality. In the year 1982, the federal government funded a study named, â€Å"Police Services Study,† in which thirteen percent of 12,000 people interviewed were abused by police brutality.Studies such as the Police Services Study show that most brutality is pressed against minority groups (Cliff Notes- Police Brutality. ) Police brutality ties in with racial discrimination against minority groups. There is also discrimination against homosexuals that are abused by police officers. When police officers are charged in court for brutality, they claim that they used the contempt of cop and situational variables which means that they attacked the criminal in self defense.The way that brutality is being prevented is not only by the role of ethics, but also by the internal affairs unit which means that units investigate complaints against officers to see if there is any suspicions of corruption, complains of brutality or other kinds of excessive force. After the police beating of Rodney King in 1991, the inspection general position was established to monitor citizen complaints dealing with police brutality and racial discrimination. What often ties in with police brutality is racial discrimination.Racial discrimination is mostly aimed towards Hispanics and African Americans. A study done in 1994 through 1995 of a group of 90,000 middle school and high school teenagers were surveyed to see how they would turn out to be in the year 2008. The study in 2008 states that the majority of the teenagers that were surveyed in 1994 that were African Americans had higher statistics of being arrested, incarcerated, and received long criminal sentences. The majority of journalism reports stated that, â€Å"more than white men, African American men engage in violen ce—and, on average, their IQs are lower. (Psychology Today. ) The study was more focused on the race of the individual instead of focusing on if the criminal justice system was fair to every single one of these individuals; it was not focused on seeing if the African Americans were discriminated or if they were abused brutality by police officers, instead they focused on their IQ levels and skin color as leading factors to see why African Americans engaged in violence more than the common white man. Criminal Justice cases state that African Americans have faced discrimination since the era of slavery.Ever since then they have been treated unfairly in every aspect of social factors. African Americans have suffered discrimination because of their skin color. The discrimination of African Americans initially began through the system of slavery, and then continued onto the pattern of segregation as well as legislative decisions that have encouraged discrimination against African Americans. Legislative encouraged discrimination of African Americans by considering Africans as property when they were slaves.After slaves were free there was still discrimination because government didn’t want to give them their rights. Since then African Americans have been fighting to be equal. Even centuries after the slavery era, African Americans are still being discriminated not only in a social standpoint but in the criminal justice system as well by racial discrimination. The role of ethics tries to teach their police officers to not be judgmental because of a stereotype or skin color.They try to predict if the accused person is guilty based on evidence instead of gender, race and economic status in cons of if they are a minority group. The role of ethics of course does not only surround itself by making sure there is no corruption, brutality and race discrimination, but also it prides itself in the way they hold their morals in the criminal justice system. There m orals are to develop personal qualities such as courage, honesty, confidentiality, and law abiding behavior to everybody involved in the criminal justice system.The counselors that are involved in the criminal justice system make sure to keep the accused or criminals personal information confidential unless it is a threatening act against another person or a group of people. The reason this ethic is important to the CJS is because if the code of confidentiality is broken, it could not only hurt the person who was betrayed but it also affects the way society views the system. The role of ethics impacts the way people view society.Even every day people practice the role of ethics; it could be in other areas but they have similar methods. It is crucial that defense attorneys, judges, and police officers abide by the role of ethics. Defense attorneys need to abide by the role of ethics when defending the accused by making sure they don’t give false testimony during their trial; t his keeps the CJS fair. Defense attorneys are expected to make sure that the information presented in court is true and that the person speaking against or for the accused is giving true information as well.Police officers are expected to follow the role of ethics as well by treating all accused and victims by their rights and to not arrest or approach them with brutality or arrest and treat a person unjustly just because of their race. Judges as well are expected to follow the code of ethics by making court decisions based on the information presented and not on racial factors, gender and other factors that could sway a person to be discriminatory against somebody.The code of ethics is very important in crime and social control because it helps reduce crime by establishing a platform on which authorities follow to ensure that everybody being tried is given an equal trial. When the criminal justice system had not established the code of ethics, African Americans and homosexuals were treated brutally by police officers. Police officers would beat them and sometimes unjustly accuse them of accusing a crime even though they did not do it. As well as judges and cases brought to the justice system, they would discriminate and state that the verdict is guilty.There were all types of corruption in the criminal justice system starting from the basic authority such as police officers following to defense attorneys and finishing off with judges who are one of the most valued authorities. Even when not dealing with crime, like for example parole officers who deal with juvenile delinquents, they are to enforce what the court says to be followed by the convicted offenders. If they do not enforce the law, the person might reoffend causing more hard due to poor ethics by officers causing more problems for the criminal justice system.The role of ethics gives every citizen the right to be treated equally when being accused of a crime. It implies that every person would not be treated differently because of a social discriminatory factor therefore keeping the CJS honest and law abiding. Ethics help keep social and crime control mainly through studying ethics because it is possible to define unethical behavior. It is important to have the capacity to point to moral reasoning in justifying behavior, and the study of ethics develops that capacity.The impact the role of ethics has on the criminal justice system is a positive one for it prides in honesty and law abiding factors; by implying the role of ethics, the public trusts the system more causing less chaos. Works Cited â€Å"The American System of Criminal Justice: Innocent Until Proven Guilty. † The American System of Criminal Justice: Innocent Until Proven Guilty. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. http://www. stimmel-law. com/articles/criminaljustice_us. html â€Å"Criminal Justice: Police Corruption. † Criminal Justice: Police Corruption. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. ttp://www. cliffs notes. com/study_guide/Police-Corruption. topicArticleId-10065,articleId-9979. html â€Å"Criminal Justice: Police Brutality. † Criminal Justice: Police Brutality. N. p. , n. d. Web. Spring 2013. http://www. cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/Police-Brutality. topicArticleId-10065,articleId-9975. html â€Å"No Discrimination†¦ | Facebook. † No Discrimination†¦ | Facebook. N. p. , n. d. Web. Aug. 2012. http://www. psychologytoday. com/blog/the-bejeezus-out-me/201303/no-discrimination-in-the-criminal-justice-system â€Å"The Importance of Ethics in Criminal Justice. † N. p. , n. d. Web.